The City of Cottage Grove is located in the following political districts:
- Minnesota State House of Representative District 41A and 41B and 53B
- Minnesota State Senate District 41 and 53
- South Washington County School District 833 and Hastings School District 200. Both school districts hold School Board elections in November of odd-numbered years. School District 833 has 4 combined polling locations.
- United States Congressional District 2
- Washington County Commissioner District 4